Notes on
The Great Depression

George Donelson Moss, The Rise of Modern America: A History of the American People, 1890–1945 (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1995), 185–186.[]

Ibid., 186.[]

Robert S. McElvaine, The Great Depression: America, 1921–1940(New York: Random House, 1984), 36.[]

John Steele Gordon, An Empire of Wealth: The Epic History of American Economic Power (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 320.[]

Moss, Rise of Modern America , 186–187.[]

David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 65, 68.[]

Richard Norton Smith, An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987).[]

Herbert Hoover, “The President’s News Conference of November 15, 1929,” Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Herbert Hoover, 1929 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1974), 280.[]

Christina D. Romer, “The Great Crash and the Onset of the Great Depression,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 105, no. 3 (1990): 606.[]

Peter Fearon, Origins and Nature of the Great Slump, 1929–1932 (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1979), 34.[]

Ibid.[][]

Kennedy, Freedom from Fear , 70–103.[]

William E. Leuchtenburg, The American President from Teddy Roosevelt to Bill Clinton (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), 135.[]

“Wagner Puts Party in Progressive Role,” New York Times , May 15, 1931, 2.[]

Robert Lynn Fuller, “Phantom of Fear”: The Banking Panic of 1933(Jefferson, NC: McFarland: 2014), 45.[]

Mrs. M. H. A. to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 14, 1934, in Robert S. McElvaine, ed., Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983), 54–55.[]

Lester V. Chandler, America’s Greatest Depression, 1929–1941 (New York: Harper & Row, 1970), 41.[]

Chandler, America’s Greatest Depression , 44.[]

Studs Terkel, Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression(New York: New Press, 2000), 20–21.[]

Mirra Komarovsky, The Unemployed Man and His Family(New York: Arno Press, 1971), 133.[]

William H. Chafe, The Paradox of Change: American Women in the 20th Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 71.[]

Claudia Dale Goldin, Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 34.[]

Terkel, Hard Times, 81–82.[]

William A. Sundstrom, “Last Hired, First Fired? Unemployment and Urban Black Workers During the Great Depression,” Journal of American History 65, no. 1 (1978), 70–71.[]

Anthony J. Badger, The New Deal: The Depression Years, 1933–1940 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1989), 15–23.[]

Robert S. McElvaine, ed., Encyclopedia of the Great Depression (New York: Macmillan, 2004), 320.[]

Donald Worster, Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s(New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), 48.[]

James R. McGovern, And a Time for Hope: Americans in the Great Depression(Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000), 10.[]

James N. Gregory, American Exodus: The Dust Bowl Migration and Okie Culture in California (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 22.[]

Cybelle Fox, Three Worlds of Relief(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012), 126.[]

Ibid., 127.[]

Francisco E. Balderrama and R. Rodriguez, Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006), 71; Abraham Hoffman, Unwanted Americans in the Great Depression: Repatriation Pressures, 1929–1939 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1974), 43–44.[]

Aristide Zolberg, A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America(New York: Sage, 2006), 269.[]

Ibid., 92.[]

Eric Rauchway, Why the New Deal Matters (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021), 144–146.[]

Kenneth C. Davis, FDR: The Beckoning of Destiny: 1882–1928 (New York: Rand, 1972); Jean Edward Smith, FDR(New York: Random House, 2007); Frances Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew (New York: Viking, 1946); Kirstin Downey, The Woman Behind the New Deal: The Life and Legacy of Frances Perkins—Social Security, Unemployment Insurance, and the Minimum Wage (New York: Random House, 2009).[]

Outstanding general treatments of the New Deal include Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., The Age of Roosevelt , 3 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1956–1960); William E. Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal(New York: Harper and Row, 1963); Badger, New Deal ; and Kennedy, Freedom from Fear. On Roosevelt, see James MacGregor Burns,Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1956); Frank B. Friedel,Franklin D. Roosevelt , 4 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1952–1973); Patrick J. Maney, The Roosevelt Presence: A Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt (New York: Twayne, 1992); Alan Brinkley, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010); and Eric Rauchway, Why the New Deal Matters (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2021).[]

Eric Rauchway, “The New Deal Was on the Ballot in 1932,” Modern American History 2, no. 2 (2019): 202–203.[]

Franklin D. Roosevelt: “Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1933, http://​www​.presidency​.ucsb​.edu/​ws/​?pid​=​14473.[]

Eric Rauchway, Winter War: Hoover, Roosevelt, and the First Clash over the New Deal (New York: Basic Books, 2018), 140.[]

Michael E. Parrish,Securities Regulation and the New Deal (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970).[]

See especially Anthony J. Badger, FDR: The First Hundred Days (New York: Hill and Wang, 2008).[]

Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal.[]

Neil Maher, Nature’s New Deal: The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Roots of the American Environmental Movement(New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).[]

Thomas K. McCraw, TVA and the Power Fight, 1933–1939 (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1971).[]

Ellis W. Hawley, The New Deal and the Problem of Monopoly: A Study in Economic Ambivalence(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969); Gavin Wright, Old South, New South: Revolutions in the Southern Economy Since the Civil War (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1986), 217.[]

Theodore Saloutos, The American Farmer and the New Deal(Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1982).[]

Bonnie Fox Schwartz, The Civil Works Administration, 1933–1934: The Business of Emergency Employment in the New Deal (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984); Edwin Amenta,Bold Relief: Institutional Politics and the Origins of Modern American Social Policy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998); Jason Scott Smith, Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933–1956 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006); Mason B. Williams, City of Ambition: FDR, La Guardia, and the Making of Modern New York (New York: Norton, 2013).[]

Howard Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1936), quoted in David L. Carlton and Peter Coclanis, eds., Confronting Southern Poverty in the Great Depression: The Report on Economic Conditions of the South with Related Documents(Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 1996), 118–119.[]

Wright, Old South, New South, 217.[]

Ibid., 227–228.[]

Ibid., 216–220.[]

William Leuchtenberg, The White House Looks South: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Lyndon B. Johnson(Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2005), 74.[]

“Press Conference #160,” November 23, 1934, 214, in Roosevelt, Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt , Volumes 3–4, 1934 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1972).[]

McCraw, TVA and the Power Fight.[]

Carlton and Coclanis, Confronting Southern Poverty , 42.[]

William E. Leuchtenburg, The Supreme Court Reborn: The Constitutional Revolution in the Age of Roosevelt(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995); Theda Skocpol and Kenneth Finegold, State and Party in America’s New Deal (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995); Colin Gordon, New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920–1935 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994).[]

Alexander J. Field, A Great Leap Forward: 1930s Depression and U.S. Economic Growth (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011), 40.[]

Mark H. Leff, The Limits of Symbolic Reform: The New Deal and Taxation, 1933–1939(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States(New York: Oxford University Press, 1985); Sarah T. Phillips, This Land, This Nation: Conservation, Rural America, and the New Deal (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007).[]

Downey, Woman Behind the New Deal.[]

Kennedy, Freedom from Fear , 267.[]

W. Andrew Achenbaum, Old Age in the New Land (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978); Edwin E. Witte, The Development of the Social Security Act (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1963).[]

Gareth Davies and Martha Derthick, “Race and Social Welfare Policy: The Social Security Act of 1935,” Political Science Quarterly 112, no. 2 (Summer 1997): 217–235.[]

Ibid.[][]

Sandra Opdycke, The WPA: Creating Jobs and Hope in the Great Depression(New York: Routledge, 2016), chap. 4.[]

Dan T. Carter, Scottsboro: A Tragedy of the American South (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1969).[]

Kennedy, Freedom from Fear , 201.[]

Ira Katznelson, When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Norton, 2005).[]

George Brown Tindall, The Emergence of the New South, 1913–1945 (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1967), 491.[]

Alice Kessler-Harris, In Pursuit of Equity: Women, Men, and the Quest for Economic Citizenship in 20th Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001); Linda Gordon, Pitied but Not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare, 1890–1935 (New York: Free Press, 1994).[]

William E. Leuchtenburg, “The Origins of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s ‘Court-Packing’ Plan,” The Supreme Court Review (1966): 347–400.[]

Alan Brinkley, The End of Reform: New Deal Liberalism in Recession and War (New York: Knopf, 1995).[]

Cohen, Making a New Deal ; Kristi Andersen, The Creation of a Democratic Majority, 1928–1936 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979); Caroline Bird, The Invisible Scar (New York: McKay, 1966).[]

Quoted in Terkel, Hard Times , 34.[]