Notes on
The New Era

David Montgomery, The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865–1925 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987).[]

William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914–1932(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).[]

Robert K. Murray, The Harding Era: Warren G. Harding and His Administration (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1969).[]

Leuchtenburg, Perils of Prosperity.[]

Nancy Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987).[]

Allan J. Lichtman, Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979).[]

“Hoover Accepts the Republican Nomination,” Sacramento Bee , August 11, 1928.[]

Lichtman,Prejudice and the Old Politics.[]

Christine Frederick, Selling Mrs. Consumer (New York: Business Bourse, 1929), 29.[]

T. J. Jackson Lears, “From Salvation to Self-Realization: Advertising and the Therapeutic Roots of the Consumer Culture, 1880–1930,” in The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History, 1880–1980 , ed. Richard Wightman Fox and T. J. Jackson Lears (New York: Pantheon Books, 1983), 1–38.[]

Thomas W. Goodspeed, “Marshall Field,” University of Chicago Magazine , Vol. III (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1922), 48.[]

LeRoy Ashby, With Amusement for All: A History of American Popular Culture Since 1830(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006), 177.[]

Ibid., 183.[]

Ibid., 216.[]

Ibid., 210.[]

Ibid., 181.[]

John W. Ward, “The Meaning of Lindbergh’s Flight,” in Studies in American Culture: Dominant Ideas and Images , ed. Joseph J. Kwiat and Mary C. Turpie (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1960), 33.[]

See Lynn Dumenil, The Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s (New York: Hill and Wang, 1995), 113.[]

Cott, Grounding of Modern Feminism , 150.[]

George Chauncey, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Makings of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940(New York: Basic Books, 1994).[]

Cott, Grounding of Modern Feminism , 160.[]

Mark Robert Schneider, “We Return Fighting”: The Civil Rights Movement in the Jazz Age (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2002), 21.[]

Philip Kasinitz, Caribbean New York: Black Immigrants and the Politics of Race (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992), 25.[]

James Weldon Johnson, “Harlem: The Culture Capital,” in The New Negro: An Interpretation , ed. Alain Locke (New York: Albert and Charles Boni, 1925), 301.[]

Ibid.[][]

Joan Marter, ed., The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art , Volume 1 (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011), 448.[]

James F. Wilson, Bulldaggers, Pansies, and Chocolate Babies: Performance, Race, and Sexuality in the Harlem Renaissance (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2010), 116.[]

Cary D. Wintz and Paul Finkelman, Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance , Vol. 2 (New York: Routledge, 2004), 910–911.[]

On Garvey, see Colin Grant, Negro with a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey(New York: Oxford University Press, 2008); Judith Stein, The World of Marcus Garvey: Race and Class in Modern Society(Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1986); and Ula Yvette Taylor, The Veiled Garvey: The Life and Times of Amy Jacques Garvey (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002).[]

Winston James, Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century America (London: Verso, 1998).[]

Grant, Negro with a Hat ; Stein, World of Marcus Garvey ; Taylor, Veiled Garvey.[][]

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, The Letters of Sacco and Vanzetti (New York: Viking, 1928), 272.[]

Kunal M. Parker, “Citizenship and Immigration Law, 1800–1924,” in The Cambridge History of Law in America , Vol. 2, ed. Michael Grossberg and Christopher Tomlins (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2008).[]

Benjamin C. Montoya, Risking Immeasurable Harm: Immigration Restriction and U.S.-Mexican Diplomatic Relations, 1924–193 2 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2020); Mae M. Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004).[]

Kelly Lytle Hernández, Migra! A History of the U.S. Border Patrol(New York: University of California Press, 2010), 32.[]

K. Tsianina Lomawaima, “The Mutuality of Citizenship and Sovereignty: The Society of American Indians and the Battle to Inherit America,” Studies in American Indian Literatures 25, no. 2/American Indian Quarterly 37, no. 3 (2013): 331–351.[]

Hazel W. Hertzberg, The Search for an American Indian Identity: Modern Pan-Indian Movements (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1971); Frederick E. Hoxie, A Final Promise: The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880–1920 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984).[]

Alexandra Witkin, “To Silence a Drum: The Imposition of United States Citizenship on Native Peoples,” Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques 21, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 379.[]

Harry Emerson Fosdick, “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” Christian Work, June 10, 1922, 716–722.[]

George Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980).[]

Edward J. Larson,Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997).[]

Leslie H. Allen, ed., Bryan and Darrow at Dayton: The Record and Documents of the “Bible-Evolution” Trial (New York: Arthur Lee, 1925).[]

Larson, Summer for the Gods.[]

Ibid.[][]

Nancy MacLean, Behind the Mask of Chivalry: The Making of the Second Ku Klux Klan (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).[]

Kenneth T. Jackson,The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915–1930 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967).[]

MacLean, Behind the Mask of Chivalry.[]

George Brown Tindall, The Emergence of the New South: 1913–1945(Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1967).[]

MacLean,Behind the Mask of Chivalry; Wyn Craig Wade, The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).[]