The American Yawp
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Chapter 12 · Reading ledger

Notes on
The National Crisis

38 citations, collected away from the main text for uninterrupted reading.

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Section 12.01

I. Introduction

  1. Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, March 5, 1865, in Roy P. Basler, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln , vol. 8 (Rutgers University Press, 1953), 332, https://​www​.nps​.gov/​linc/​learn/​historyculture/​lincoln​-second​-inaugural​.htm.[]

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Section 12.02

II. Gold Rush

  1. Jane McManus Storm (otherwise known as Cora Montgomery or simply “Montgomery”) first coined the term “manifest destiny” in 1839 within the pages of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review. It has often been attributed, however, to her editor, John L. O’Sullivan. See Amy Greenburg, Manifest Manhood and the Antebellum American Empire (Cambridge, 2005), 18–21, esp. 20.[]

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  2. Jane McManus Storm, “Annexation,” United States Magazine and Democratic Review 17, no. 85 (July–August 1845), 5–10, https://​books​.google​.com/​books​?id​=​JvE7AQAAMAAJ.[]

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  3. Tom Chaffin, Fatal Glory: Narciso López and the First Clandestine U.S. War Against Cuba (Louisiana State University Press, 1996).[]

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  4. Anne F. Hyde, Empires, Nations, and Families: A History of the North American West, 1800–1860 (University of Nebraska Press, 2011), 471.[]

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  5. R. Gregory Nokes, Breaking Chains: Slavery on Trial in the Oregon ­Territory (Oregon State University Press, 2013).[]

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  6. Susan Lee Johnson, Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush (Norton, 2000).[]

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  7. Stacey L. Smith, Freedom’s Frontier: California and the Struggle Over Unfree Labor, Emancipation, and Reconstruction (University of North Carolina Press, 2013).[]

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Section 12.03

III. “Cotton Is King”

  1. James Henry Hammond, “Cotton Is King,” March 4, 1858, https://​teachingamericanhistory​.org/​document/​cotton​-is​-king/.[]

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  2. “The institution of slavery, then, has always given rise to conflict, fear, and accommodation,” wrote the historian David Brion Davis in his summary of the “problem of slavery” back in 1975. David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823 (Oxford University Press, 1999), 41.[]

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  3. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia , ed. Frank Shuffelton (Penguin, 1999), 145.[]

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  4. See “Excessive Slave Population: The Remedy,” De Bow’s Review 12, no. 2 (February 1852): 184–85, also quoted in Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom (Harvard University Press, 2013), 13.[]

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  5. William S. Kiser, Coast-to-Coast Empire Manifest Destiny and the New Mexico Borderlands (University of Oklahoma Press, 2018).[]

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  6. See “Cotton and Its Prospects,” American Cotton Planter 1, no. 8 (August 1853): 226, also quoted in Johnson, River of Dark Dreams , 246.[]

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  7. See Thomas Prentice Kettel, Southern Wealth and Northern Profits, as Exhibited in Statistical Facts and Official Figures (New York, 1860), 23.[]

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  8. Johnson, River of Dark Dreams , 244–47.[]

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  9. Drew Gilpin Faust, James Henry Hammond and the Old South: A Design for Mastery (Louisiana State University, 1982), 87.[]

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  10. Diane Mutti Burke, On Slavery’s Border: Missouri’s Small-Slaveholding Households, 1815–1863 (University of Georgia Press, 2010), 185, 189–90.[]

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  11. US Census Office, Eighth Census, 1860, and James Madison Edmunds, Manufactures of the United States in 1860: Compiled from the Original Returns of the Eighth Census, Under the Direction of the Secretary of the Interior (US Government Printing Office, 1865).[]

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Section 12.04

IV. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men

  1. Thomas Earle, Jacksonian Antislavery and the Politics of Free Soil, 1824–1854 (University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 17.[]

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  2. The above passages draw from Gloria J. Browne-Marshall, Race, Law and American Society (Routledge, 2013), 56; R. J. M. Blackett, The Captive’s Quest for Freedom: Fugitive Slaves, The 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, and the Politics of Slavery (Cambridge University Press, 2018), esp. Chapters 1–2, 3–87.[]

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  3. Michael Winship, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin: History of the Book in the 19th-Century United States” (University of Virginia, 2007), http://​utc​.iath​.virginia​.edu/​interpret/​exhibits/​winship/​winship​.html.[]

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  4. Bill Ong Hing, Defining America Through Immigration Policy (Temple University Press, 2004), 278–84.[]

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  5. John Powell, Encyclopedia of North American Immigration (Facts on File, 2005), 154.[]

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  6. H. B. Grinstein, The Rise of the Jewish Community in New York, 1654–1860 (Jewish Publication Society, 1945), 469.[]

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  7. Charles Harold Nichols, Many Thousand Gone: The Ex-slaves’ Account of Their Bondage and Freedom (Brill, 1963), 156.[]

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  8. Amos A. Lawrence to Giles Richards, June 1, 1854, quoted in Jane J. Pease and William H. Pease, eds., The Fugitive Slave Law and Anthony Burns: A Problem in Law Enforcement (Lippincott, 1975), 43.[]

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  9. Tyler Anbinder, Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s (Oxford University Press, 1992).[]

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  10. Charles Sumner, The Crime Against Kansas, Speech of Hon. Charles Sumner in the Senate of the United States (Boston, 1856), https://​www​.senate​.gov/​artandhistory/​history/​resources/​pdf/​CrimeAgainstKSSpeech​.pdf.[]

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  11. Nicole Etcheson, Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era (University Press of Kansas, 2004).[]

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  12. Williamjames Hull Hoffer, The Caning of Charles Sumner: Honor, Idealism, and the Origins of the Civil War (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), 92.[]

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Section 12.05

V. From Sectional Crisis to National Crisis

  1. Abraham Lincoln, “Peoria Speech, October 16, 1854,” in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln , ed. Roy P. Basler (Rutgers University Press, 1953), 247–83, https://​www​.nps​.gov/​liho/​learn/​historyculture/​peoriaspeech​.htm.[]

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  2. Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Kalamazoo, Michigan, August 27, 1856, in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln , vol. 2 (Rutgers University Press, 1953), 364.[]

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  3. Judgment in the US Supreme Court Case Dred Scott v. John F. A. Sandford, March 6, 1857; Case Files 1792–1995; Record Group 267; Records of the Supreme Court of the United States; National Archives, http://​www​.ourdocuments​.gov/​doc​.php​?flash​=​true​&​doc​=​29.[]

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  4. Rodney O. Davis and Douglas L. Wilson, eds., The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (University of Illinois Press, 2008), 68.[]

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  5. “Republican Party Platform of 1860,” May 17, 1860. Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, https://​www​.presidency​.ucsb​.edu/​documents/​republican​-party​-platform​-1860.[]

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  6. Horace Greeley, The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860–1864 , Volume 1 (Hartford, CT, 1864), 366–67.[]

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  7. “Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union,” Avalon Project, Yale Law School, http://​avalon​.law​.yale​.edu/​19th​_century/​csa​_scarsec​.asp.[]

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